The simplest way to represent negative numbers is to add an extra bit at the front of any binary number to represent the sign of the number.

• 1 represents a negative number
• 0 represents a positive number

In order to display the number -22, we first need to decide figure out what the positive binary representation is. Remember that each column has a specific value which is calculated by where N is the column number.

As we want to show -22, we must set the sign bit to be 1. As such -22 is

So let’s look at the binary representations for -10 to +9.